The Joule-Thomson effect in the reduction of natural gas.
Kwaśniewski
The article presents the influence of the Joule-Thomson effect on changes in gas temperature depending on the value of negative pressure. Devices that can be installed at the natural gas reduction station, which eliminate the negative effects of a significant reduction in gas temperature during the reduction process, are also recommended. The algorithm of calculations was indicated, which enables the selection of devices with appropriate parameters. Ways of securing the operation of devices in the event of failure of one of its elements are presented. The Active Safety of Gas Installations System is described, which provides adequate protection against unforeseen consequences of its damage.
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification satellite station – automatic or maintenance-free facility?
Andrzej Żero
This article is an attempt to present the frequently used interchangeable terms “automatic” and “maintenance-free” on the example of works related to the LNG regasification satellite station (small scale LNG). These terms used interchangeably in their essence theoretically reflect the same intention, while at the management and operational level they can mean completely separate concepts, phenomena or processes that may lead to completely different conclusions. Particular attention was paid to the operational process of refuelling the LNG regasification satellite station.
Technology of using mine gases for energy purposes on the example of a methane compression installation.
Dominika Sopa ,Zbigniew Tałach
Obtaining methane from mine gases is one of the most important issues related to the elimination of greenhouse gases, which should be widely used in domestic conditions. This is due to the fact that Poland is the largest emitter of methane into the atmosphere in Europe. There are several technological methods for the use of mine gases for energy purposes. The article presents an innovative solution for the use of these gases for trigeneration, electricity, heat and cold production.
Basic tasks and objectives implemented by operators of gas systems.
Andrzej Barczyński
Gas system operators (distribution, transmission, storage and liquefaction of gaseous fuels or an operator of interconnected systems) and PGNiG S.A. are the contractors of the state’s energy policy in the field of gaseous fuels, which is directly related to the energy security of the national economy, technical and operational safety and public safety. Gas system operators should apply objective and transparent rules in their activities that ensure equal treatment of users of these systems and take into account environmental protection requirements. The article emphasizes that thanks to the government’s actions, as early as 2022 Poland will be independent of natural gas supplies from Russia and may become a gas hub for the countries of Central and Eastern Europe.
Numerical modelling as a tool supporting selection of a sanitary sewerage solution at the design stage..
Bartosz Krasuski, Dariusz Kowalski, Ewa Hołota, Beata Kowalska
One of the main problems that designers of rural sanitary sewerage networks face is the choice of their type. In Poland, rural areas are character¬ized by low-density housing, which makes it difficult to build traditional gravity sewerage, and thus necessitates using other systems. That choice is often made without proper analysis. Designers do not always use the numerical modelling method, which would make it easier to choose the most advantageous variant.
Application of recycling materials for active fillings production and determination of their effectiveness in the anaerobic treatment of dairy wastewater.
Marcin Zieliński, Joanna Kazimierowicz, Marcin Dębowski
The dynamic development of the dairy sector causes an increase in the amount of highly loaded wastewater and forces the necessity to constantly search for effective methods of their treatment. Anaerobic technologies are gaining more and more pop¬ularity, one of the weaknesses of which is the limited efficiency of removing biogenic compounds. The aim of the research was to determine the effectiveness of the use of filling made of waste for the anaerobic treatment of dairy wastewater. A positive effect of this solution was found on the efficiency of COD removal (86.1±2.6% – 92.8±1.6%) and Ptot. (22.1±3.5% to 36.9±4.6%). Efficient production of methane in packed reactors was also observed, which in the most efficient variant was 0.24 ± 0.01 m3/ kgCODrem.